Transistors & Semi Conductors

Transistors were considered the invention of the twentieth century that changed electronic circuits forever. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.

• Field-effect transistors (FET)
  • MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor FET) – by far the most widely manufactured electronic component (also known as MOS transistor)^[3][4]
    • PMOS (p-type MOS)
    • NMOS (n-type MOS)
    • CMOS (complementary MOS)
    • Power MOSFET
      • LDMOS (lateral diffused MOSFET)
    • MuGFET (multi-gate field-effect transistor)
      • FinFET (fin field-effect transistor)
    • TFT (thin-film transistor)
  • FeFET (ferroelectric field-effect transistor)
  • CNTFET (carbon nanotube field-effect transistor)
  • JFET (junction field-effect transistor) – N-channel or P-channel
    • SIT (static induction transistor)
  • MESFET (metal semiconductor FET)
  • HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor)
• Composite transistors
  • BiCMOS (bipolar CMOS)
  • IGBT (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor)
• Other transistors
  • Bipolar junction transistor (BJT, or simply "transistor") – NPN or PNP
    • Photo transistor – amplified photodetector
  • Darlington transistor – NPN or PNP
    • Photo Darlington – amplified photodetector
  • Sziklai pair (compound transistor, complementary Darlington)
• Thyristors
  • Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) – passes current only after triggered by a sufficient control voltage on its gate
  • TRIAC (TRIode for Alternating Current) – bidirectional SCR
  • Unijunction transistor (UJT)
  • Programmable Unijunction transistor (PUT)
  • SITh (static induction thyristor)

Diodes[edit]

Conduct electricity easily in one direction, among more specific behaviors.

• Diode, rectifier, diode bridge
• Schottky diode (hot carrier diode) – super fast diode with lower forward voltage drop
• Zener diode – allows current to flow "backwards" when a specific set voltage is reached.
• Transient voltage suppression diode (TVS), unipolar or bipolar – used to absorb high-voltage spikes
• Varicap, tuning diode, varactor, variable capacitance diode – a diode whose AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied.

Various examples of Light-emitting diodes

• Laser diode
• Light-emitting diode (LED) – a diode that emits light
• Photodiode – passes current in proportion to incident light
  • Avalanche photodiode – photodiode with internal gain
  • Solar Cell, photovoltaic cell, PV array or panel – produces power from light
• DIAC (diode for alternating current), Trigger Diode, SIDAC) – often used to trigger an SCR
• Constant-current diode
• Step recovery diode
• Tunnel diode - very fast diode based on quantum mechanical tunneling

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